coal balls pcts

New data on the formation of Carboniferous coal balls

New data on the formation of Carboniferous coal balls

One third (27/82) have coal balls, including 57% of major cycles, 36% of intermediate cycles and 16% of minor cycles. Coalball occurrence in the Donets Basin is similar: over an interval of about 4 (~315311 Ma, latest Bashkirian to midMoscovian), 39% (11/28) of transgressiveregressive cycles have coal balls. ...

Depositional setup of the faunal coal balls from Bichom ... Springer

Depositional setup of the faunal coal balls from Bichom ... Springer

Nature and occurrence of the coal balls. The faunal coal balls of GaruGensi area generally occur in the coal and carbonaceous shale of Bomte Member of Bichom Formation (Table 1).These concretions can be easily identified on surface by their subrounded to oval and occasional elliptical shape (Fig. 3a, b). The coal balls are very hard to break and are arranged along the bedding planes of ...

Early Diagenetic Calcareous Coal Balls and Roof Shale Concretions from ...

Early Diagenetic Calcareous Coal Balls and Roof Shale Concretions from ...

The evaluation of organic material in the coal balls was based on peel studies from 50 randomly selected coal balls from all areas of the crop. Each coal ball regardless of size was considered as one unit. From many of the coal balls numerous peels were obtained but only 2 peels oriented normally to each other were evaluated from each concretion.

Are coal balls rare? A cyclostratigraphic analysis of coalball ...

Are coal balls rare? A cyclostratigraphic analysis of coalball ...

Coal balls occur in a narrow time interval of 24 in the Pennsylvanian and earliest Permian. • 33% of North American transgressiveregressive cycles in the study interval have coal balls. • In the Donets Basin, we estimate that 39% of TR cycles have coal balls. •

Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in the Illinois Basin Coals Springer

Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in the Illinois Basin Coals Springer

Coal and coal combustion byproducts are potential candidates for alternative resources of REEs (rare earth elements). The Illinois Basin is a major coalproducing district in the USA, but little work is available on speciation of REEs in the basin's coals. In this study, a total number of 382 samples from known locations in the Illinois Basin coal beds were acquired, analyzed for their REE ...

Coal ball | Significance, Facts, Definition | Britannica

Coal ball | Significance, Facts, Definition | Britannica

fossil See all related content → coal ball, a lump of petrified plant matter, frequently spheroid, found in coal seams of the Upper Carboniferous Period (from 325,000,000 to 280,000,000 years ago). Coal balls are important sources of fossil information relating to the forests preceding the Coal Age.

Coal balls | SpringerLink

Coal balls | SpringerLink

Definition. Coal balls are permineralized peat, mainly found in Upper of Europe and North America but also in some Chinese Permian coals. Coal balls are predominantly calcium carbonate which has precipitated in the cell lumina and spaces between the plants within a peat formed in a mire ( Scott and Rex, 1985 ).

Coal ball Wikiwand

Coal ball Wikiwand

A coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, irregular slab. Coal balls were formed in Carboniferous Period swamps and mires, when peat was prevented from being turned into coal by the high amount of calcite surrounding the peat; the calcite caused it to be turned into stone instead. As such, despite not actually being made of coal, the coal ...

PDF A marine origin of coal balls in the Midland and Illinois ... Nature

PDF A marine origin of coal balls in the Midland and Illinois ... Nature

ARTICLE A marine origin of coal balls in the Midland and Illinois basins, USA Michelle E. Chrpa 1,2, Anne Raymond 1, William M. Lamb 1 JuanCarlos Laya 1 Coal balls are carbonate concretions ...

Coal ball Facts for Kids

Coal ball Facts for Kids

A coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, irregular slab. Coal balls were formed in Carboniferous Period swamps and mires, when peat was prevented from being turned into coal by the high amount of calcite surrounding the peat; the calcite caused it to be turned into stone instead. As such, despite not actually being made of coal, the coal ...

Formation and distribution of coal balls in the Herrin Coal ...

Formation and distribution of coal balls in the Herrin Coal ...

Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater and marine), and that the coal balls were spatially correlated ...

Coal BallsA Key to the Past JSTOR

Coal BallsA Key to the Past JSTOR

perfect state of preservation. They are representative fragments of the millions of tons of forest debris that served as the raw material for coal. Our knowl edge of the origin of these fossils is by no mea:ns complete, but the essential steps in their formation seem clearat least in a general way.

Coal balls, Coal Mining Geology, Kentucky Geological Survey, University ...

Coal balls, Coal Mining Geology, Kentucky Geological Survey, University ...

Definition and formation: Coal balls are calcareous masses of fossil peat found in coal beds. They are formed in the original peat before it undergoes coalification (DeMaris and others, 1983; Scott and others, 1996).

Macrinite forms in Pennsylvanian coals ScienceDirect

Macrinite forms in Pennsylvanian coals ScienceDirect

Further, Taylor et al. (2011) have pointed out a bias in sample preparation, with thin sections of coal balls showing better preservation of fungal structures than acetate peels. That said, for example, while funginite was present in Pennsylvanian coals ( Richardson et al., 2012 ), it was not as diversified in the Pennsylvanian as in later coals.

An Early Permian plant assemblage from the Taiyuan Formation of ...

An Early Permian plant assemblage from the Taiyuan Formation of ...

Coal balls floras from the Taiyuan Formation in north China have been mainly studied by Tian Baolin and collaborators, from the no. 7 coal seam in the Xishan coal field and have been summarised by Li et al., 1995, Tian et al., 1996. From these works quantitative studies have been undertaken, compiled from hundreds of coal balls (Wang et al., 1995).

Mineralogy and elemental geochemistry of pyrite coalballs, Datong ...

Mineralogy and elemental geochemistry of pyrite coalballs, Datong ...

Coalballs are nodulelike rocks native to coal seams that contain mineralized plant organs or tissues (Zodrow et al., 1996), and are used for studies on coalforming plant species, structural morphology, and coalforming environments (Hilton et al., 2001, Wang et al., 2002, Zhou et al., 2004 ).

Bid Openings and Results JEA

Bid Openings and Results JEA

6/11/2019 at 2 : 00 06919 ITN Overhead and Underground Electrical Maintenance, Construction, and Repair Services. 09019 IFB Construction Services for the Biltmore 'C' Septic Tank Phase Out Project. 10119 IFB Lift Station Relocations 7443 Richardson Rd and 7221 Rhode Island Dr. Results.

Geologic investigation of roof and floor strata: longwall demonstration ...

Geologic investigation of roof and floor strata: longwall demonstration ...

Coalball areas, large deposits of mineralized peat in the coal seam, obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at Old Ben Mine No. 24. Inmine mapping located coal balls under transitional roof areas where the roof lithology alternates between the Energy Shale and the Anna Shale/Brereton Limestone. Specifically, coal balls occur under ...

Carbonate petrology and geochemistry of Pennsylvanian coal balls from ...

Carbonate petrology and geochemistry of Pennsylvanian coal balls from ...

Coal balls are carbonate and pyrite concretions enclosing uncompressed peat, primarily found in Pennsylvanian and earliest Permian paleotropical coals.

Minerals | Free FullText | Petrological Composition of the Last Coal ...

Minerals | Free FullText | Petrological Composition of the Last Coal ...

The pyrite coal balls occurrence modes in the C1 coal seam are likely the result of coalforming plants and Ferich siliceous solutions in neutral to weak alkaline conditions during late syngenetic stages or early epigenetic stages within paleomires. This appears to be the first report of pyritic coal balls in terrestrial coal seams in South China.

PDF Implications of Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry for the Origin of ...

PDF Implications of Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry for the Origin of ...

cordaitean roots (2 coal balls, 4 polished thin sections); 3, decayed leaf mats in which individual leaves could still be discerned (2 coal balls, 3 polished thin sections); and 4, matrix rich peat consisting of peat matrix (organic particles with all dimensions ≤ 10 μm) roots and wood (1 coal ball, 1 polished thinsection; Fig. 3).

Are coal balls rare? A cyclostratigraphic analysis of coalball ...

Are coal balls rare? A cyclostratigraphic analysis of coalball ...

From the perspective of Phanerozoic time, coal balls are rare, apparently limited to a 24 interval (323299 Ma) in the Pennsylvanian and earliest within this interval, coal balls occur in many coals. Approximately 82 transgressiveregressive sedimentary cycles have been described for the Midcontinent, Illinois and Appalachian basins of North America during the midtolate ...

The Formation and Significance of Carboniferous Coal Balls JSTOR

The Formation and Significance of Carboniferous Coal Balls JSTOR

These coal balls contain a similar flora to those in situ in the seam and have been reworked and rounded soon after their formation as the overlying sediments have been deposited on top of both the coal and channel (R. H. Mapes and G. Rothwell, personal communication). Early work on coal balls relied on ground thinsections. The development of ...

Fossil of the month: Calamites University of Kentucky

Fossil of the month: Calamites University of Kentucky

Calamites. This month's fossil is one of the most common fossils in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. It is the fossil horsetail rush, Calamites. Description. Calamites is a fossil "horsetail" or "scouring" rush. Rushes are reedlike plants with jointed stems. They belong to a class of plants called sphenopsids.

Modern analogs reveal the origin of Carboniferous coal balls

Modern analogs reveal the origin of Carboniferous coal balls

Coal balls are calcareous peats with cellular permineralization invaluable for understanding the anatomy of Pennsylvanian and Permian fossil plants.

An Example of the Origin of CoalBalls ScienceDirect

An Example of the Origin of CoalBalls ScienceDirect

The coalball discovery helps fill a stratigraphic gap in coalball occurrences in the upper Carboniferous (Bolsovian) of Euramerica. The autochthonous and hypautochthonous coalballs have a similar mineralogical composition and are composed of siderite (81100%), dolomiteankerite (019%), minor quartz and illite, and trace amounts of ...

Applications in Plant Sciences

Applications in Plant Sciences

Acetate paper with a thickness of inches is used to make the first peel of a coal ball after it has been cut with a rock saw. This paper type can also be used for test peels to identify the optimum etching time in acid. The .005inchthick acetate paper is more robust, reducing the chance of damage when removed.

Limestones, Coal Exploration Core, Kentucky Geological Survey ...

Limestones, Coal Exploration Core, Kentucky Geological Survey ...

Coal balls may be concretionary as there name implies, but more commonly are irregular masses complexly interfingering with the surrounding coal. Coal balls may be inches to many feet in diameter and height, so will commonly look like a limestone bed in a narrow core. Coal balls tend to be brown in color and the coalball limestone includes ...

PDF L. Phillips University of Illinois UrbanaChampaign

PDF L. Phillips University of Illinois UrbanaChampaign

A coal ball fresh from the seam is a rather undistinguished ob jecta rounded to irregularly shaped, dull brownrock crusted with coal. A casual examination of such a coal ball may not reveal that it contains a mass of tightly packed plant debris. It is certainly not obvious that some of the plant materials are intact organs and tissues with ...

Permian vegetational Pompeii from Inner Mongolia and its ... PNAS

Permian vegetational Pompeii from Inner Mongolia and its ... PNAS

All of these reconstructions are conceptional and are timeaveraged because of preservational bias. Our present study confirms the composition of the Permian coalswamp community as known from palynology and coalball studies, but resulted in a unique documentation of spatial heterogeneity and ecological gradients.

PDF Two New Plant Genera of Pennsylvanian Age from Kansas Coal Balls

PDF Two New Plant Genera of Pennsylvanian Age from Kansas Coal Balls

strip pits of the Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Company near West Mineral, in southeastern Kansas. Investi­ gations of coal balls from this recently discovered rich locality are now being conducted in several American paleobotanical laboratories. Baxter (1951) recently published a report of this coal ball occurrence; Dele­

Coal balls, Coal Mining Geology, Kentucky Geological Survey, University ...

Coal balls, Coal Mining Geology, Kentucky Geological Survey, University ...

Coal balls. Definition and formation: Coal balls are calcareous masses of fossil peat found in coal beds. They are formed in the original peat before it undergoes coalification (DeMaris and others, 1983; Scott and others, 1996). Individual coal balls can be inches to many feet in diameter, and coalball clusters may occupy a small part ...

Coal balls | SpringerLink

Coal balls | SpringerLink

Definition Coal balls are permineralized peat, mainly found in Upper of Europe and North America but also in some Chinese Permian coals. Coal balls are predominantly calcium carbonate which has precipitated in the cell lumina and spaces between the plants within a peat formed in a mire ( Scott and Rex, 1985 ). Formation

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