Continued expansion of India's economy is expected during, with annual average GDP growth of %, fuelled partially by coal. India's push to domestic coal mining through both Coal India and auction of coal blocks to private companies, coal usage in India will increase as it plateaus in other parts of the world, including China.
Coal Gasification is the process of converting coal into synthetic gas (syngas) which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Carbon dioxide (CO2). It is an in situ process in which oxygen is injected into the seam along with water and ignited at a high temperature, which causes the coal to partially oxidize into hydrogen ...
Cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral whose demand is expected to grow rapidly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of cobalt extraction and recovery research from 2012 to 2021 in the form of bibliometric analysis. The work was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and carried out using the InCites of Clarivate for bibliometric data analysis and the ...
UPSC Essentials will provide some guiding points or ideas as a thought process that will help you to ... — Rat hole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, prevalent in Meghalaya. Advertisement — The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, typically just large enough for one person to ...
Coal is a combustible black or brownishblack sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form . Coal contains the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy forests. Coal is also called black gold.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear energy all use finite raw materials as their primary energy source. Only renewable energy sources like sun, wind, hydro geothermal, and biomass are considered sustainable energy sources. These energy sources are more environmentally responsible and evenly dispersed.
Coals are classified into three main ranks, or types: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. These classifications are based on the amount of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen present in the coal. Coals other constituents include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ash, and sulfur. Some of the undesirable chemical constituents include chlorine and sodium.
What is EAuction in Iron Ore Mining? About: An eauction is a transaction between sellers (the auctioneers) and bidders (suppliers in the business to business scenarios) that takes place on an electronic marketplace.; Process: After the completion of every bid, a threemember monitoring committee, appointed by the Supreme Court, publishes a document that lists the details of the quality of ...
UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ) Mains. Q. Despite India being one of the countries of Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss. (2021) Q. "In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development". Discuss ...
Coal bed methane (CBM) is a form of natural gas which can be recovered from coal deposits or coal seams (a coal deposit is a geographical location containing mineable accumulations of coal while a coal seam is entrapment of coal in underlying rock). The gas is formed during the natural conversion of plant material into coal, known as coalification.
In the light of recent developments in coal sector and its importance to the Indian economy, examine why coal is called as black gold in India. (200 Words) Coal is more than a fossil fuel, it generates electricity in easiest and traditional way. Thermal power plant constitute 59% of India's power production, Also many PSUs, . Coal Industry UPSC GS1 Read More »
Openpit mining is commonly used to extract metallic ores like aluminum, bauxite, copper, gold, copper, and iron as well as nonmetallic ores like coal, uranium, and phosphate. Openpit mining is ...
Mar 20, 2023. According to the sand mining framework, India requires 70 million tonnes of sand per year, with demand increasing by 7% each year. Sand mining is the process of removing sand and gravel from the ground. In India, sand mining is largely related to construction activities. Sand is becoming a highvalue commodity as a result of this ...
Coal gasification is a process that converts coal and water into a gas known as syngas. This gas is a combination of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). In the past, coal gas, also known as "town gas", was made by gasifying coal and was used for heating and lighting in cities before ...
In the process of coal mining, prevention and control of water hazard is essential. It is the precondition for water hazard control to detect and determine the distribution of underground waterconducting channels. In urban environments, traditional methods such as active source seismic exploration and transient electromagnetic exploration commonly used in the field are difficult to carry out ...
Narrow, Horizontal Seams: Rathole mining involves extracting coal from thin, horizontal seams, which are prevalent in Meghalaya. These seams are often less than 2 meters in thickness. Primitive Extraction Techniques: Miners typically create narrow pits (referred to as "rat holes") into the ground, allowing only one person at a time to descend ...
It is a primitive and hazardous method of mining for coal. It involves digging of very small narrow tunnels (hence called rat holes), usually 34 feet high, which workers (more often children)enter and extract coal. It is practiced mostly in Northeastern states, especially in Meghalaya because coal seam found in the hilly region is very thin ...
Area of Focus. Key Objectives. Coal Analytics. Achieve the coal production target of 1012 MT for FY 202324. Increase coal production and efficiency. Formulate a coking coal strategy to enhance coking coal availability in the country. Improve the quality of coal. Private Investment. Achieve CAPEX target of Rs 21030 Crores for FY 202324.
Good and lowgrade coal found together selective mining so wasteful; Land for coal mining is becoming a major issue. There is a tendency to expand opencast mining and discourage underground operation even for better quality coal reserves. This aggravates the land availability problem. There is no competitive coal market; Deep mining ...
The mining sector's GDP contribution only swings between % and %, but based on the GDP of the entire industrial sector, it ranges from 10% to 11%. Even smallscale mining adds 6% to the overall cost of mineral production. About 700,000 people have employment chances in the mining sector in India. Also read: Coal Mining in India
Energy security in India revolves around coal sector, which has dominant use in three core sectors power, steel, cement. Coal Industry itself too is part of core sector. Apart from this there is inconsistent demand from small scale industry involved in brick manufacturing or ceramics. There is increased impetus on moving away from coal ...
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